Neutralization Calculator
Calculate the volume or concentration of acid or base needed to neutralize a solution using the neutralization formula.
Formula
N₁V₁ = N₂V₂
- N₁V₁ = N₂V₂ is the neutralization equation (equivalents of acid = equivalents of base).
- For HCl (monoprotic) and NaOH: Normality = Molarity.
- For H₂SO₄ (diprotic): 1 M H₂SO₄ = 2 N.
- Heat of neutralization for strong acid + strong base ≈ −57 kJ/mol.
25 mL of 1N HCl with 0.5N NaOH
Inputs
- Normality of Acid (N₁): 1 N
- Volume of Acid (V₁): 25 mL
- Normality of Base (N₂): 0.5 N
V₂ = (1 × 25) / 0.5 = 50 mL of NaOH needed.
Frequently asked questions
What is normality?
Normality (N) = molarity × number of equivalents per mole. For HCl: 1N = 1M; for H₂SO₄: 1N = 0.5M.
Is N₁V₁=N₂V₂ always valid?
Yes, at the equivalence point of any acid-base neutralization.